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Material Safety Data Sheet: GD/Zoman (Lethal Nerve
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LETHAL NERVE AGENT (GD)
SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATE: 14 September 1988
REVISED: 28 February 1996
MANUFACTURER'S ADDRESS:
U.S. ARMY CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE COMMAND
EDGEWOOD RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT,
AND ENGINEERING CENTER (ERDEC)
ATTN: SCBRD-ODR-S
ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 20101-5423
Emergency telephone #' s: 0700-1630 EST: 410-671-4411/4414
After: 1630 EST: 410- 278-5201, Ask for Staff Duty Officer
CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS: 96-64-0, 50642-24-5
CHEMICAL NAME:
Pinacolyl methyl phosphonofluoridate
ALTERNATE CHEMICAL NAMES:
Phosphonofluoridic acid, methyl-,1,2,2-trimethylpropyl ester
O-Pinalcolyl methylphosphonofluoridate
TRADE NAME AND SYNONYMS:
3,3 dimethyl-n-but-2-yl methylphosphonofluridate
1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate
Methylpinacolyloxyfluorophosphine oxide
Pinacolyloxymethylphosphonyl fluoride
Pinacolyl methanefluorophosphonate
Methylfluoropinacolylphosphonate
Fluoromethylpinacolyloxyphosphine oxide
Methylpinacolyloxyphosphonyl fluoride
Pinacolyl methylfluorophosphonate
1,2,2-Trimethylpropoxyfluoromethylphosphine oxide
GD
EA 1210
Soman
Zoman
PFMP
CHEMICAL FAMILY: Fluorinated organophosphorous compound
FORMULA/CHEMICAL STRUCTURE:
C7H16FO2P
NFPA 704 SIGNAL:
Health - 4
Flammability - 1
Reactivity - 1
Special - 0
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SECTION II - HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INGREDIENTS NAME FORMULA PERCENTAGE BY
WEIGHT AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMIT
(AEL)GDC7H16FO2P1000.00003 mg/m3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION III - PHYSICAL DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOILING POINT: 198 C (388 F)
VAPOR PRESSURE: 0.40 mm Hg @ 25 C
VAPOR DENSITY (AIR=1): 6.33
SOLUBILITY: 2.1 percent at 20 C and 3.4 percent at 0 C in water.
Soluble in sulfur mustard, gasoline, alcohols, fats, and oils.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (H2O=1): 1.022 @ 25 C
FREEZING/MELTING POINT: -42C
LIQUID DENSITY (g/cc): 1.0222 @ 25 C
PERCENTAGE VOLATILE BY VOLUME: 3900 mg/m3 @ 25 C
APPEARANCE AND ODOR: When pure, colorless liquid with a fruity odor.
With impurities, amber or dark brown with oil of camphor odor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION IV - FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
FLASHPOINT: 121 C (Open cup)
FLAMMABLE LIMIT: Unknown
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT: Not available
UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT: Not available
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Water mist, fog, foam, CO2. Avoid
using extinguishing methods that will cause splashing or spreading
of the GD.
SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES: GD will react with
steam or water to produce toxic & corrosive vapors. All persons not
engaged in extinguishing the fire should be evacuated. Fires
involving GD should be contained to prevent contamination to
uncontrolled areas. When responding to a fire alarm in buildings or
areas containing agents, firefighting personnel should wear full
firefighting protective clothing (without TAP clothing) during
chemical agent firefighting and fire rescue operations. Respiratory
protection is required. Positive pressure, full face piece, NIOSH-
approved self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) will be worn
where there is danger of oxygen deficiency and when directed by
the fire chief or chemical accident/incident (CAI) operations
officer. In cases where firefighters are responding to a chemical
accident/incident for rescue/reconnaissance purposes, they will
wear appropriate levels of protective clothing (See Section VIII).
Do not breathe fumes. Skin contact with nerve agents must be
avoided at all times. Although the fire may destroy most of the
agent, care must still be taken to assure the agent or contaminated
liquids do not further contaminate other areas or sewers. Contact
with the agent liquid or vapor can be fatal.
UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Hydrogen
produced by the corrosive vapors reacting with metals, concrete,
etc., may be present.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION V - HEALTH HAZARD DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
AIRBORNE EXPOSURE LIMITS (AEL): The permissible
airborne exposure concentration for GD for an 8-hour workday or a
40-hour work week is an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) of
0.00003 mg/m3. This value is based on the TWA of GD which can
be found in "AR 40-8, Occupational Health Guidelines for the
Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents
GA, GB, GD, and VX." To date, the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) has not promulgated a permissible
exposure concentration for GD.
GD is not listed by the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC), American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), or National Toxicology Program (NTP) as
a carcinogen.
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE: GD is a lethal cholinesterase
inhibitor. Doses that are potentially life threatening may be only
slightly larger than those producing least effects.
GD
Route
ocular
inhalation
inhalation (15 1/min)
inhalation (15 1/min)
percutaneous
Form
vapor
vapor
vapor
vapor
liquid
Effect
miosis
runny nose
severe incapacitation
death
death
Type
ECt50
ECt50
ICt50
LCt50
LD50
Dosage
<2 mg-min/m3
<2 mg-min/m3
35 mg-min/m3
70 mg-min/m3
350 mg/70 kg man
Effective dosages for vapor are estimated for exposure durations of
2-10minutes.
Symptoms of overexposure may occur within minutes or hours,
depending upon dose. They include: miosis (constriction of pupils)
and visual effects, headaches and pressure sensation, runny nose
and nasal congestion, salivation, tightness in the chest, nausea,
vomiting, giddiness, anxiety, difficulty in thinking and sleeping,
nightmares, muscle twitches, tremors, weakness, abdominal cramps,
diarrhea, involuntary urination and defecation. With severe
exposure symptoms progress to convulsions and respiratory failure.
EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES:
INHALATION: Hold breath until respiratory protective mask is
donned. If severe signs of agent exposure appear (chest tightens,
pupil constriction, incoordination, etc.), immediately administer, in
rapid succession, all three Nerve Agent Antidote Kit(s), Mark I
injectors (or atropine if directed by physician). Injections using the
Mark I kit injectors may be repeated at 5 to 20 minute intervals if
signs and symptoms are progressing until three series of injections
have been administered. No more injections will be given unless
directed by medical personnel. In addition, a record will be
maintained of all injections given. If breathing has stopped, give
artificial respiration. Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be used
when approved mask-bag or oxygen delivery systems are not
available. Do not use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when facial
contamination exists. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY.
EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush eyes with water for at least 15
minutes, then don respiratory protective mask. Although miosis
(pinpointing of the pupils) may be an early sign of agent exposure,
an injection will not be administered when miosis is the only sign
present. Instead, the individual will be taken IMMEDIATELY to a
medical treatment facility for observation.
SKIN CONTACT: Don respiratory protective mask and remove
contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with
copious amounts of soap and water, 10% sodium carbonate
solution, or 5% liquid household bleach. Rinse well with water to
remove
decontaminant. Administer Nerve Agent Antidote Kit(s), MARK I
injectors only if local sweating and muscular twitching symptoms
are observed. Seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY.
INGESTION: Do not induce vomiting. First symptoms are likely to
be gastrointestinal.
IMMEDIATELY administer Nerve Agent Antidote Kit(s), MARK I
injector(s). Seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION VI - REACTIVITY DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STABILITY: Stable after storage in steel for three months at 65 C.
INCOMPATIBILITY: GD corrodes steel at the rate of 1 x 10-5
inch/month.
HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION: GD will hydrolyze to form HF
and
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Does not occur.
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SECTION VII - SPILL, LEAK AND DISPOSAL METHODS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR
SPILLED: If leak or spills occur, only personnel in full protective
clothing (See Section VIII) will remain in area. In case of personnel
contamination see Section V for emergency and first aid
instructions.
RECOMMENDED FIELD PROCEDURES: Spills must be
contained by covering with vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, clay,
fine sand, sponges, and paper or cloth towels. Decontaminate with
copious amounts of aqueous Sodium Hydroxide solution (a
minimum 10 wt.%). Scoop up all material and clothing and place in
a DOT approved container. Cover the contents with
decontaminating solution as above. After sealing, the exterior of the
container will be decontaminated and then labeled according to
EPA and DOT regulations. All leaking containers will be over
packed with vermiculite placed between the interior and exterior
containers. Decontaminate and label according to EPA and DOT
regulations. Dispose of the material according to waste disposal
methods provided below. Dispose of decontaminate according to
Federal, state and local regulations. Conduct general area
monitoring with an approved monitor to confirm that the
atmospheric concentrations do not exceed the airborne exposure
limits (See Sections II and VIII).
If 10 wt.% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is not available then
the following decontaminants may be used instead and are listed in
the order of preference: Decontaminating Agent, DS (DS2),
Sodium Carbonate, and Supertropical Bleach Slurry (STB).
RECOMMENDED LABORATORY PROCEDURES: A minimum
of 55 grams of decon solution is required per gram of GD.
Decontaminant/agent solution is allowed to agitate for a minimum
of one hour. Agitation is not necessary following the first hour
provided a single phase is obtained. At the end of the first hour the
pH should be checked and adjusted up to 11.5 with additional
NaOH as required. An alternate solution for the decontamination of
GD is 10% sodium carbonate in place of the 10% Sodium
Hydroxide solution above. Continue with 55 grams of decon per
gram of GD. Agitate for one hour and allow to react for three hours.
At the end of the third hour adjust the pH to above 10. It is also
permitted to substitute 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite for the 10%
sodium hydroxide solution above. Continue with 55 grams of
decon per gram of GD. Agitate for one hour and allow to react for
three hours then adjust the pH to above 10. Scoop up all material
and clothing and place in a DOT approved container. Cover the
contents with decontaminating solution as above. After sealing, the
exterior of the container will be decontaminated and labeled
according to EPA and DOT regulations. All leaking containers will
be over packed with vermiculite placed between the interior and
exterior containers. Decontaminate and label according to EPA and
DOT regulations. Dispose of the material according to waste
disposal methods provided below. Dispose of decontaminate
according to Federal, state and local regulations. Conduct general
area monitoring with an approved monitor to confirm that the
atmospheric concentrations do not exceed the airborne exposure
limit (See Sections II and VIII).
WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: Open pit burning or burying of
GD or items containing or contaminated with GD in any quantity is
prohibited. The detoxified GD (using procedures above) can be
thermally destroyed by incineration in EPA approved incinerators
according to appropriate provisions of Federal, state and local
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.
NOTE: Some states define decontaminated surety material as a
RCRA Hazardous waste.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION VIII - SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION:
CONCENTRATIONRESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT< 0.00003 mg/m3A full face piece, chemical canister,
air-purifying
protective mask will be on hand for escape.
(The M9-, M17-, or M40-series masks are
acceptable for this purpose. Other masks
certified as equivalent may be used).>0.00003 to 0.06 mg/m3A
NIOSH/MSHA approved pressure demand full
face piece SCBA or supplied air respirators with
escape air cylinder may be used. Alternatively, a
full face piece, chemical canister air-purifying
protective mask is acceptable for this purpose
(See DA PAM 385-61for determination of appropriate
level)0.06 mg/m3 or unknownNIOSH/MSHA approved pressure
demand full
f ace piece SCBA suitable for use in high agent
concentrations with protective ensemble (See DA
PAM 385-61 for examples).VENTILATION:
Local Exhaust: Mandatory. Must be filtered or scrubbed to limit
exit concentration to < 0.00001 mg/m3. Air emissions will meet
local, state and federal regulations.
Special: Chemical laboratory hoods will have an average inward
face velocity of 100 linear feet per minute (lfpm) +/- 10% with the
velocity at any point not deviating from the average face velocity by
more than 20%. Existing laboratory hoods will have an inward face
velocity of 150 lfpm +/- 20%. Laboratory hoods will be located
such that cross drafts do not exceed 20% of the inward face
velocity. A visual performance test using smoke producing devices
will be performed in the assessment of the hood's ability to contain
agent GD.
Other: Recirculation of exhaust air from agent areas is prohibited.
No connection is allowed between agent areas and other areas
through the ventilation systems. Emergency backup power is
necessary. Hoods should be tested at least semiannually or after
modification or maintenance operations. Operations should be
performed 20 centimeters inside hood face.
PROTECTIVE GLOVES:
Butyl Rubber Glove M3 and M4
Norton, Chemical Protective Glove Set
EYE PROTECTION: As a minimum chemical goggles will be
worn.
For splash hazards use goggles and face shield.
OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: For general lab work,
gloves and lab coat will be worn with mask readily accessible. In
addition, daily clean smocks, foot covers, and head covers will be
required when handling contaminated lab animals.
MONITORING: Available monitoring equipment for agent GD is
the M8/M9 Detector paper, detector ticket, blue band tube,
M256/M256A1 kits, bubbler, Depot Area Air Monitoring System
(DAAMS), Automatic Continuous Air Monitoring System
(ACAMS), real time monitoring (RTM), Demilitarization Chemical
Agent Concentrator (DCAC), M8/M43, M8A1/M43A2, Hydrogen
Flame Photometric Emission Detector (HYFED), CAM-M1,
Miniature Chemical Agent Monitor (MINICAM) and the Real
Time Analytical Platform (RTAP).
Real-time, low-level monitors (with alarm) are required for GD
operations. In their absence, an Immediately Dangerous to Life and
Health (IDLH) atmosphere must be presumed. Laboratory
operations conducted in appropriately maintained and alarmed
engineering controls require only periodic low-level monitoring.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION IX - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AND
STORING: When handling agents, the buddy system will be
incorporated. No smoking, eating and drinking in areas containing
agents is permitted. Containers should be periodically inspected for
leaks (either visually or by a detector kit). Stringent control over
all personnel practices must be exercised. Decontamination
equipment will be conveniently placed. Exits must be designed to
permit rapid evacuation. Chemical showers, eyewash stations, and
personal cleanliness facilities must be provided. Wash hands before
meals and each worker will shower thoroughly with special
attention given to hair, face, neck, and hands, using plenty of soap
and water before leaving at the end of the work day.
OTHER PRECAUTIONS: GD must be double contained in liquid
and vapor tight containers when in storage or when outside a
ventilation hood.
For additional information see "AR 385-61, The Army Toxic
Chemical Agent Safety
Program," "DA PAM 385-61, Toxic Chemical Agent Safety
Standards," and "AR 40-8, Occupational Health Guidelines for the
Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents
GA, GB, GD, and VX."
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION X - TRANSPORTATION DATA
------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Poisonous liquids, n.o.s.
DOT HAZARD CLASSIFICATION: 6.1, Packing Group I, Hazard
Zone B
DOT LABEL: Poison
DOT MARKING: Poisonous liquids, n.o.s. (Pinacolyl methyl
phosphonofluoridate)
UN 2810, Inhalation Hazard
DOT PLACARD: POISON
EMERGENCY ACCIDENT PRECAUTIONS AND
PROCEDURES: See Sections IV, VII and VIII.
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN TRANSPORTATION: Motor
vehicles will be placarded regardless of quantity. Drivers will be
given full information regarding shipment and conditions in case of
an emergency. AR 50-6 deals specifically with the shipment of
chemical agents. Shipments of agent will be escorted in accordance
with AR 740-32.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
While the Edgewood Research Development, and Engineering
Center, Department of the Army believes that the data contained
herein are factual and the opinions expressed are those of the
experts regarding the results of the tests conducted, the data are not
to be taken as a warranty or representation for which the
Department of the Army or Edgewood Research Development, and
Engineering Center assume legal responsibility. They are offered
solely for your consideration, investigation, and verification. Any
use of this data and information must be determined by the user to
be in accordance with applicable Federal, State, and local laws
regulations.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADDENDUM A: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR
THICKENED GD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
TRADE NAME AND SYNONYMS: Thickened GD, TGD.
HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS: K125 (an acryloid copolymer,
5%) is used to thicken the GD. K125 is not known to be a
hazardous material except in a finely-divided, powder form.
PHYSICAL DATA: Essentially the same as GD except for
viscosity. The viscosity of TGD is approximately 1180 centistoke.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION DATA: Same as GD.
HEALTH HAZARD DATA: Same as GD except for skin contact.
For skin contact, don respiratory protective mask and remove
contaminated clothing. Immediately scrape the TGD from the skin
surface, then wash the contaminated surface with acetone.
Administer Nerve Agent Antidote Kit, MARK I, only if local
sweating and muscular twitching symptoms are observed. Seek
medical attention IMMEDIATELY.
SPILL, LEAK AND DISPOSAL PROCEDURES: If spills or leaks
of TGD occur, follow the same procedure as those for GD, but add
the following step: Since TGD is not water soluble, dissolve the
TGD in acetone before introducing any decontaminating solution.
Containment of TGD is generally not necessary. Spilled TGD can
be carefully scraped off the contaminated surface and placed in a
DOT approved container. The TGD can then be decontaminated
after it has been dissolved in acetone, using the same procedures as
for GD. Contaminated surfaces should be treated with acetone, then
decontaminated using the same procedures as for GD.
SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION: Same as GD.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS: Same as GD with the following
addition: Handling the TGD requires careful observation of the
"stringers" (elastic, thread like attachments) formed when the agents
are transferred or dispensed. These stringers must be broken cleanly
before moving the contaminating device or dispensing device to
another location, or unwanted contamination of a working surface
will result.
TRANSPORTATION DATA: Same as GD.
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