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RISKS Digest 16.23
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RISKS-LIST: RISKS-FORUM Digest Weds 13 July 1994 Volume 16 : Issue 23
FORUM ON RISKS TO THE PUBLIC IN COMPUTERS AND RELATED SYSTEMS
ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy, Peter G. Neumann, moderator
***** See last item for information on RISKS (comp.risks) *****
Contents:
Inmates con jail computer (Peter Ilieve)
White House Buys Off EES Patent Holder (Brock N. Meeks via Stanton McCandlish)
New National ID Card Proposal (David Banisar)
SimCity (Phil Agre)
Teletext run amok (Michael J. Stern)
"Glyphs" may track your demographics (Walter C. Daugherity)
EMI of 'VW'? YES (Rick Cook)
Correction to A330 report (Peter Ladkin)
Phil Agre <[email protected]>
Re: Promises and "Scary"
Laptop Danger for Airplanes (Dan Arias via Martin Howard)
"If Ajax had a good computer system, Peter would still be alive."
(Daniel P. B. Smith)
Re: Roller coaster accident -- computer blamed (Clive D.W. Feather)
Re: ACM Crypto Policy Statement (Dave Golber)
Re: Phone records (S. E. Grove)
Re: Signatures in electronic commerce (Robin Kenny)
Re: Digitized CC Signatures (Mark Brader)
Re: Shopping Risks... (Philip H. Smith III)
Info on RISKS (comp.risks), contributions, subscriptions, FTP, etc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Tue, 12 Jul 94 13:14:57 BST
From: Peter Ilieve <[email protected]>
Subject: Inmates con jail computer
There was a piece under the above headline in the Times (a UK quality paper)
on 5 July. The byline is Adam Fresco.
`Prisoners at a top security jail beat an expensive security system using a
mirror and a piece of wire to join each other in late-night card games.
Inmates at Albany prison on the Isle of Wight had been roaming around at night
for weeks, unknown to staff.
`The sophisticated computerised security system was designed to end slopping
out by allowing one prisoner at a time from each landing to go to the toilet
during the night. [Sanitation is not the UK prison system's strong point,
prisoners usually have to make do with a bucket in the corner of the cell,
even if there are 2 or 3 people in the cell. Buckets are `slopped out' into a
drain in the morning. PJI] By pressing a button in his cell, a prisoner was
allowed out for a certain amount of time. When he returned he was supposed to
punch in a number which would appear on a console inside his cell and the door
would lock. The computer would then let the next inmate out.
`However, the prisoners were staying outside their cells, shutting the door
and threading a wire though the hinge to tap in the required number, which
they could see through the mirror, set up before they closed the door. The
computer, thinking the prisoner was back in his cell, would let the next
person out.
`The prisoners were found out when they made too much noise one night. An
astonished guard discovered three of them in one cell playing cards.
`Max Morrison, the governor, has started an enquiry into the incidents and has
turned off the system, which has been installed in other prisons around the
country. A Home Office [the government department responsible PJI] spokesman
declined to comment on the cost of the equipment, which was installed a few
months ago, but confirmed that the computer system had been suspended and
alternative sanitation arrangements introduced.'
Peter Ilieve [email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 12 Jul 1994 17:52:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: Stanton McCandlish <[email protected]>
Subject: Administration Buys Off EES Patent Holder (fwd)
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 1994 14:53:56 -0700
From: "Brock N. Meeks" <[email protected]
Subject: White House Pays
CyberWire Dispatch // Copyright © 1994 // July 11 //
Jacking in from the "Blank Check" Port [begins as follows:]
Washington, DC -- The Administration will today announce it has sidestepped
the threat of patent infringement lawsuit involving its Escrow Encryption
System, commonly known as Clipper. The solution: Toss the original patent
holder a blank check and buy him off.
PGN Excerpting: NIST has agreed in principle to license two key patents
relating to the technical workings of the key escrow system from Silvio
Macali at MIT, whose patents cover the notion of separate escrowed keys.
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 12 Jul 1994 20:11:46 -0500
From: David Banisar <[email protected]>
Subject: New National ID Card Proposal
CBS Evening News just reported that Clinton has "tentatively signed off" on a
National ID card recommended to him by a commission on immigration reform. The
ostensible reason for the card is for employment and immigration. Each card
will contain a name, photo, mag stripe with info and a "verified SSN." It was
supported by Senator Alan Simpson of Wyoming, a long-time supporter of ID
cards. Gov. Pete Wilson of California has apparently offered to make
California a test-bed for the proposal. The proposal was opposed by Xavier
Beccera, a Congressman from California. A previous effort to impose a
national ID card was rejected by Congress in 1986.
EPIC is working with Privacy International to investigate this report. PI has
led successful campaigns against national ID cards in Australia, New Zealand,
and the Philippines.
In Australia, the PI-led campaign led to the dissolution of both houses of the
federal Parliament in 1987 after hundreds of thousands marched in protest. The
Australian campaign brought together groups from all parts of the political
spectrum from the Communist Party to the Libertarian Alliance, farmers and
conservation groups, rock stars, academics, large businesses such as banks and
mining corporations, but the overwhelming support came from the public who
created the biggest civil protest in Australian history.
David Banisar ([email protected]) Electronic Privacy Information Center
666 Penn. Ave, SE #301, Washington, DC 20003 202-544-9240 (v) 202-547-5482 (f)
------------------------------
Date: Tue, 12 Jul 1994 16:25:35 -0700
From: Phil Agre <[email protected]>
Subject: SimCity
The spring issue of the liberal journal "The American Prospect" includes a
detailed critique of policy simulation programs such as SimCity. The full
reference is:
Paul Starr, Seductions of Sim: Policy as a simulation game, The American
Prospect 17, Spring 1994, pages 19-29.
The gist is that the real politics of policy and its implementation are much
more complicated than the basic framework of such simulations can possibly
accommodate.
Phil Agre, UCSD
------------------------------
Date: Sat, 9 Jul 1994 16:35:21 -0400
From: "Michael J. Stern" <[email protected]>
Subject: Teletext run amok
The following comes from _New Scientist_, 21 May 1994.
FEEDBACK
JOHANNA Darlington often watches the news on television with her mother, who
is deaf and relies on teletext to follow what is broadcast. Darlington has
discovered that the words spoken by the news-caster and the words on the
teletext frequently disagree with each other in surprising ways. Over the past
18 months she has culled a list of teletext "translations", some of which we
give below. The first words in the list are what the newscaster said, the
second are the teletext version:
initially: in Italy
romantics: Roman tricks
Europe: querp
Liverpool: limp pool
nutrition: new electrician
psychologist: sigh ecologist
semblance: semi ambulance
succeed: suck see
rescue: regulars cue
it really: trillion
his street: history
ozone: owe zone
lesbians: lez beans
solves: as far as
categoric: cat gurk
Darlington also reports a long news item about someone called the Princess of
Whales. She adds, unsurprisingly, that watching the news is sometimes a rather
baffling experience for her mother. Feedback finds these errors fascinating
and wonders how they arise. Is a voice-recognising computer involved? Or is
our old friend the spellchecker running amok again?
/stern [email protected] [email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 94 18:38:10 -0500
From: [email protected] (Walter C. Daugherity)
Subject: "Glyphs" may track your demographics
EDUPAGE (gopher to educom.edu) cites the 7/10/94 New York Times (Sec.3, p.9):
ARE YOUR DOCUMENTS FULL OF GLYPHS?
A Xerox technology known as glyphs will allow documents to carry
thousands of characters of information placed unobtrusively in gray background
patterns. One possible use: "If you see a spreadsheet in an annual report, it
sits there, lifeless on the paper. But if there was a glyph border that had
the mathematical model of the spreadsheet, you could scan that into a computer
and make it come to life." Another possible use would be to encode info about
the recipient of a direct mail piece or a survey, for ease of processing when
the document is returned. (End quote from EDUPAGE)
In that case, I'll be sure to xerox [sic] the anonymous survey form
at a "light" setting to keep from telling them who I am.
Walter C. Daugherity, Dept. of Computer Science, Texas A & M University
College Station,TX 77843-3112 [email protected] uunet!cs.tamu.edu!daugher
------------------------------
Date: Sun, 10 Jul 1994 05:03:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: [email protected]
Subject: EMI of 'VW'? YES
VWs of a certain vintage are indeed subject to EMI. This is a known
'bug' (so to speak) and is mentioned, I believe, in the later editions
of "How To Keep Your Volkswagen Alive For The Complete Idiot" -- the
standard reference for VW shade tree mechanics.
The confusion arises from two things. First, it was not the 1963 models
which were affected. The '63s had a thoroughly conventional ignition and
fuel system. (I have owned two of them). Second, I don't think it was
the fuel pump per se that was the problem.
The problem comes in the later models fitted with the Bosch fuel injection
system, one of the most misbegotten pieces of crap ever hung on an
automobile. This used electronically operated injectors controlled by
an on-board computer. Unfortunately the Bosch implementation as found
on the 1969 or so VWs was not well designed, to put it mildly. Not only
was it subject to EMI, but I am told it also had no way to adjust for
the changing resistance of the wires as they aged. Meaning the thing
would get flaky as it aged and there was nothing you could do about it.
The standard advice on getting a bug or squareback with Bosch fuel injection
was to discard the system and replace it with carburetors. As as result I've
never had much dealings with the system personally -- except for pulling it.
--Rick Cook
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 1994 19:42:23 +0200
From: Peter Ladkin <[email protected]>
Subject: Correction to my RISKS-16.22 account of the A330 report
In my partial translation of the article from Air et Cosmos 11-24 Juillet
concerning the A330 crash on 30 June, I translated `assiette' as `angle of
attack', or `AoA'. Mea culpa. `Assiette' means `pitch', the angle that the
airplane makes to the horizontal (`incidence' is `angle of attack'). The
difference is important. Goodness knows what caused me to write that. The
mistake may be rectified by replacing all occurrences of `AoA' (except only in
the parentheses in which I comment on `incidence') by `pitch'.
An autopilot can effectively command pitch, but not effectively angle of
attack. Whether an aircraft stalls or not depends on the angle of attack. The
two concepts are related via angle of climb. Roughly,
angle of climb = pitch - angle of attack.
Other vocabulary omitted from my article for US residents and non-pilots: QNH
is indicated altitude above sea level with the altimeter set to mean pressure
at sea level for that day/time (as given by Flight Control). QFE is indicated
altitude above highest elevation of the field with the altimeter set to
airport measured pressure. So 460mQFE = approximately 460m above the airport
surface's highest point.
Peter Ladkin
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 15:51:25 -0700
From: Phil Agre <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Promises and "Scary"
In RISKS-16.21, Peter Denning <pjd@cne.gmu.edu> asks why I find it scary that
politicians might use individually targeted communications to make
personalized promises based on information from demographic databases. He
considers that contradictory promises would be exposed through public bulletin
boards. This is conceivable, but it's not something I'd want to bet the
future of democracy on. Nobody would be stupid enough to make clearly
contradictory promises to different people. Rather, extrapolating some
current practices, they would find out the "hot button" themes for particular
segments of the electorate and tailor strongly worded but vague statements for
each group, based on its particular themes.
(Right now the most common way to find out the "hot button" themes is to call
people on the phone and ask them under the guise of poll-taking. If someone
doesn't have any buttons you can press, you simply say "thank you" and leave
them out of your get-out-the-vote plans. The expense of this method limits
its application, but once the data collected this way is pooled, stored, and
merged with other available databases, the costs should come way down.)
When analyzing the pathologies of electoral systems, I think it's a big
mistake to focus on "politicians". It's a system with a logic, and changing
the faces won't change the logic. Quite the contrary, term limits (which PD
says he supports) will intensify the role of money and campaign experts, since
candidates will be even more unknown to voters on average than before. (For
those outside the US, the US is currently experiencing a wave of plebiscites,
promoted by a far right-wing organization, limiting political candidates to
one or two terms of office.)
The computer-related Risk here pertains to the construction of the sphere of
public debate. When public debate is conducted through a common medium, such
as the newspaper, there exists at least a *chance* that public decisions that
affect everyone equally will be made by the citizenry reasoning together as a
group. But when every campaign has a separate channel to every voter, the
whole notion of a public goes out the window, replaced by fragmentary
micropublics who know they're being manipulated but cannot do anything about
it without investing enormous effort in organizing. If computer networks
facilitate that organizing then that's terrific, but first we need to achieve
something much more like universal access to them.
Phil Agre, UCSD
------------------------------
Date: 11 Jul 1994 17:49:31 +0800
From: [email protected] (MARTIN)
Subject: Laptop Danger for Airplanes
From: Martin Howard, Hong Kong
Reposted from comp.protocols.ibmpc.tcp-ip
From: darias@netmanage.com
Subject: Laptops and Airplanes Not Recommended
Date: Thu, 7 Jul 1994 23:01:59 GMT
Here's something to think about for anyone who's considering using their
laptop computer, cellular phone, or radio on an airplane.
Non-pilots should be aware that a course deviation of plus or minus 10 degrees
is the maximum tolerance for an approach to landing using instruments, e.g.,
in clouds or bad weather. In general flying more than 10 degrees off course
is considered "flying all over the sky."
This excerpt is reproduced from "Callback" which is a safety bulletin for
pilots derived from the reports of pilots, controllers, and other aviation
personnel to NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System. ASRS is a research
organization and not a regulatory organization such as the Federal Aviation
Administration nor an oversight organization such as the National
Transportation Safety Board.
--Dan Arias, Cupertino, CA
=============
Callback, Number 180, May 1994
A Monthly Safety Bulletin from The Office of the NASA Aviation Safety
Reporting System, P.O. Box 189, Moffet Field, CA 94035-0189
Flight Interference
More than 40 reports submitted to ASRS over the last few years indicate that
in-flight operation of personal electronic devices by passengers may be a
factor in aircraft track deviations, communications problems, and other
incidents. While some crews are quick to pick up on the possibility of
electronic interference, others find these events initially difficult to
detect. More from this ASRS report:
* After takeoff, we were given a turn direct to the fix. The ONS (Omega
Navigation System) checked good on the ground and was used to turn towards
fix. The heading seemed good, cross-checking with the VOR. There was a
strong crosswind from the northwest which made determining a quick fix-to-fix
on the VOR only a rough estimate... Center gave us about a 20 to 30 degree
correction to the right or north of course to intercept... We then noticed an
intermittent "DR" [Ded Reckoning] light on the Omega... Jet route was
intercepted and VOR track was annunciated on our FMA [Flight Management
Annunciator]. We appeared to be tracking Jet route outbound when Center gave
us about a 20 to 30 degree turn to the north, saying it was "a vector for
climb." We were now around 25,000-27,000 feet. The VOR fluctuated 30 to 40
degrees again, settled down, and we appeared to be south of course. Upon
intercepting Jet route, Center gave us a left turn of 10-20 degrees and said
we were established on Jet route and to continue our flight planned course...
[This] was a surprise to us since we had not been apprised we were off course
initially...
After level-off, the Captain went back through the cabin and found a portable
radio with headset in use. A cellular phone was also found on, although its
owner claimed it had not been used. We believe the VOR fluctuations and
navigation problems could have been caused by these items... Several
passenger announcements were made explaining the importance of leaving these
items off as well as the required announcements concerning electrical items.
Loss of EFIS and Autonav
* During climb EFIS [Electronic Flight Instrumentation System] screens blanked
suddenly, then indicated missed approach fail along with loss of all auto nav
functions. We immediately reverted to manual lateral nav and kept the
aircraft climbing on autopilot while requesting the flight attendants to see
if any personal electronic devices were in use. As this aircraft is equipped
with inertial reference units that were properly aligned at the gate, it was
very suspicious that a failure occurred. The flight attendants found 3
passengers using laptop computers and one listening to a portable radio. We
asked that they be turned off and, after reprogramming the FMS [Flight
Management System], resumed auto nav. At cruise altitude the laptops were
allowed to be used... [but] the listener was asked not to use his [radio].
A serious study needs to be made of the electronic interference problem on
today's modern fleets in order to resolve the issue of what the newspapers are
telling the public that they may bring aboard and use in-flight. The printed
material on the aircraft does not seem to be effective. While in this event
no serious harms was done, the effect could have been different if the
aircraft was in heavy weather flying a complicated departure or arrival...
Compass Deflection
* In cruise flight at FL310 [31,000 feet] 24 NM [nautical miles] west of the
VOR, the #1 compass suddenly precessed 10 degrees to the right. I asked the
First Flight Attendant if any passenger-operated electronic devices were in
operation in the cabin. She said that a passenger had just turned on his
laptop computer. I asked that the passenger turn off his laptop computer for
a period of 10 minutes, which he did. I slaved the #1 compass, and it
returned to normal operation for the 10-minute period. I then asked that the
passenger turn on his computer once again. The #1 compass immediately
precessed 8 degrees to the right. The computer was then turned off for a
30-minute period during which the #1 compass operation was verified as normal.
It was very evident to all on the flight deck that the laptop computer
operation was adversely affecting the operation of the #1 compass. I believe
that the operation of all passenger-operated electronic devices should be
prohibited on airlines until the safe operation of all of these devices can be
verified.
Short Hops
Turning to a different type of flight interference, here's a report that gives
new meaning to the expression, "short hop":
* On a night flight... we had a passenger with a massive bladder attack and
poor timing. Traffic was stacked up and we had a 20-minute delay in taking
off. We were cleared into position on the runway behind landing traffic and
prepared for an immediate takeoff ahead of traffic on a two-mile final
approach. We had signaled the flight attendants (F/As) that we were taking
the active runway when a passenger bolted out of his seat and headed into the
lavatory. The flight attendant asked him to return to his seat. He ignored
her request. She then demanded he be seated. He still ignored her command.
She promptly called the lead F/A who called us in the cockpit. We cancelled
our takeoff clearance and headed for the nearest exit. It was blocked by
departing traffic. We then headed 2,000 feet down the runway to the next
turnoff. Traffic on final approach was closing in on our tail as we departed
the runway, an aircraft whizzing past our tail with precious few feet to
spare. It was the quick thinking and timing of our flight attendant that
allowed me the time to clear the runway...
========================================
Uptown 411 Online Information Exchange
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 1994 19:41:53 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Daniel P. B. Smith" <[email protected]>
Subject: "If Ajax had a good computer system, Peter would still be alive."
OK, it's fictional. I don't know if it's interesting to the RISKS readership
or not, but it caught _my_ eye. (Someone else can figure out whether
it actually indicates some kind of actual RISK).
from Sara Paretsky's mystery novel, "Indemnity Only," copyright 1982,
chapter 15, p. 206 in the Dell 1990 reprint:
"'... one of the things they asked him to do was check records of claim drafts
against claim files--see if they matched, you know. Did Joe Blow get fifteen
thousand dollars when his file shows he should only have gotten twenty
thousand dollars. That kind of thing. They had a computer program that did
it, but they thought there was something wrong with the program, so they
wanted Peter to do a manual check.... You know, if Ajax had a good computer
system, Peter would still be alive. I think of that sometimes, too, and it
makes me want to shoot all their programmers.'"
Daniel P. B. Smith [email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 1994 14:58:38 +0100 (BST)
From: "Clive D.W. Feather" <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Roller coaster accident -- computer blamed (RISKS-16.22)
I heard an item about this on the radio last week. According to this item, the
roller coaster is of a standard design: trains are hauled up to the high
point, and then run free under gravity without brakes until they approach the
station. On the approaches to the station are several more braking units -
movable clamps which grip the train wheels to slow it down. The system should
stop each train just behind the previous one. The various stopping points are
called "berths" in railway terminology.
The problem appears to be that there was one train in the station, and a
second waiting to enter. The third train was braked so as to stop in the berth
nearest the station (occupied by the second train), rather than the previous
(empty) berth.
Clive D.W. Feather, Santa Cruz Operation, Croxley Centre, Hatters Lane, Watford
WD1 8YN, UK [email protected] Phone: +44 923 816 344 Fax: +44 923 210 352
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 1994 09:09:19 -0700
From: [email protected] (Dave Golber)
Subject: Re: ACM Crypto Policy Statement (van Zuurens, RISKS-16.22)
You claim that there is no reason for the police stopping a vehicle to
know the registered address of the vehicle or the driver?
"Officer, I was just going out to buy some groceries."
"But why do you shop for groceries 150 miles from your home?"
Sounds pretty believable to me.
I think this is more than just me being picky. Rather than me trying to
explain why, just ask yourself, Dear Reader: Why did you first read Mr van
Zuuren's statement as being reasonable? What does that tell you about your
own prejudices?
Dave Golber
------------------------------
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 1994 13:11:16 GMT
From: [email protected] (S. E. Grove)
Subject: Re: Phone records (Weinstein, RISKS-16.20)
As I remember it the giving of information to vendors of telecomunication
services is normal if you don't state you want it private. The reason is the
local telephone company already has the information as a part of its service,
and if they don't share it with their competitors, it gives them an unfair
advantage. It is all part of trying to open the telephone utilities to
competition in as fair as possible way.
Stephen Grove Comm. Tech. ESS Pacific Bell [email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Mon, 11 Jul 94 9:54:09 EST
From: Robin Kenny <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Signatures in electronic commerce (Kabay/Wright, RISKS-16.21)
In RISKS DIGEST 16.21, Benjamin Wright was quoted:
You can write e-mail and make it appear to come from someone
else. You can easily send e-mail from an address opened under a
false name. But just as you can send fake e-mail, so you can send
fake letters, telegrams, telexes, and faxes.
!!!-----------^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Small error. Telegrams in Australia have a copy made by the communications
authority that is kept on file for six (?seven) years. I think that is part
of the Berne convention. Other countries' communications companies would
also keep copies - expressly for legal verification.
I believe the same is true of Telex.
*Also in Australia a FAX is legally binding, as is a VERBAL AGREEMENT OVER THE
TELEPHONE. (You merely have to "believe you are talking to a company officer"
even if the other party is actually not authorised to negotiate - like the
cleaning staff answering the Sales department phones at night)
Robin Kenny - [email protected]
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 8 Jul 1994 04:40:50 -0400
From: [email protected] (Mark Brader)
Subject: Re: Digitized CC Signatures (Richards, RISKS-16.21)
> ... I'm not especially thrilled of the notion that someone can have a
> digitized version of my signature.
Neither would I be, but let's be fair: if they have your signature in
traditional form, there's nothing to stop them from using a scanner on it.
Mark Brader, [email protected] "Remember that computers are very,
SoftQuad Inc., Toronto very fast..." -- Steve Summit
------------------------------
Date: 31 May 1994 (LAST-MODIFIED)
From: [email protected]
Subject: Info on RISKS (comp.risks), contributions, subscriptions, FTP, etc.
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------------------------------
End of RISKS-FORUM Digest 16.23
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